The effectiveness of the transformation of the Desert Scene from text to screen Essay Example

The adequacy of the change of the Desert Scene from text to screen Essay Baz Luhrmann has utilized numerous extremely compelling film strategies in changing the Mantua scene from text to screen. Through the decision of explicit setting, music and camera strategies, he has underlined the job of destiny and scurry in the darlings disaster. The setting of Mantua in a desolate, desert condition fortifies the separation of Romeos expulsion. With the cruel, tenacious sun overwhelming the scene with a solid orange light, it gives a glaring difference to prior scenes where the affection among Romeo and Juliet bloomed. The desert is a sterile situation, where without water, life stops to exist. Baz Luhrmann has successfully utilized the visual juxtaposition of water and desert to pass on Romeos seclusion. Indeed, even the processions, a transitory home, are arranged far separated. Be that as it may, the desert doesn't just pass on an exacting setting, it is likewise emblematic of Romeos passionate desert. Without Juliet, Romeos life is infertile and sterile. This allegorical setting features the profundity and genuine romance among Romeo and Juliet. Romeos love for Juliet isn't a captivation, but instead having known her, his life gets good for nothing without her. We see Romeo writing in his segregation, and his feelings are plainly passed on using voice-over monolog. Him half mouthing the words makes what he is composing increasingly normal and reasonable. However the words themselves are dismal and foretelling demise, where Romeo envisioned that he had passed on but been resuscitated by Juliet. These honest dreams are so near reality that it develops strain in the film. Music and audio effects assume an essential job in passing on feelings and influencing how crowds respond to visual pictures. Baz Luhrmann utilizes music in the scene to additionally feature Romeos segregation and develop strain. We will compose a custom paper test on The adequacy of the change of the Desert Scene from text to screen explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The adequacy of the change of the Desert Scene from text to screen explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The adequacy of the change of the Desert Scene from text to screen explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The scene starts with Romeos signature music, an eerie, single-note tune. The music resonates around the unfilled desert to accentuation the confinement. This music additionally returns the crowd to when we were first acquainted with Romeo, in a comparable despairing state of mind as a solitary sweetheart. We come to connect this music with depression, despondency and dismissal. The music increases to a crescendo as another character, Balthasar, moves toward the scene. It develops to a peak for the game changing news, yet the scene is quiet as Romeo gets the misled news. The quiet permits Romeo to ingest the disclosures, yet the crowd is brought into the activity with this sensational incongruity and we watch in anguish at the outcomes of Balthasars botch. The music changes again close to the furthest limit of the scene, where it turns into a pounding, steady heartbeat. The solid beat cautions of the activities that are going to happen, and develops strain in the crowd. The scene starts with the camera gradually clearing over the desert and the following shot is a nearby spotlight on Romeos face. This nearby shot is significant as it uncovers numerous little subtleties. We can unmistakably relate to Romeos feelings, however more significantly, we are reminded by the scar and ring of commanding issues in the film. The scar is a remainder of Romeos battle with Tybalt and represents the brutality and disdain in Verona. Viciousness and social rot is one of the principle thoughts investigated by Baz Luhrmann in the film and the scar shows that even in disengagement, Romeo can never totally escape from the real factors of Verona society. This savagery is additionally fortified by the passing picture of Romeo going after his weapon as he sees the moving toward vehicle. Savagery is so prevalent and there is such question in the general public that weapons are utilized without an idea. The other significant component found in this nearby shot is the chain around Romeos neck, given to him by Juliet with her cross and her wedding band. This helps us to remember their affection and Romeos association with Juliet even in expulsion. However this picture is amusing in that by and by, there is the juxtaposition of contrary energies, where the chain represents the adoration among Romeo and Juliet, yet the scar, emblematic of the disdain between the families, prohibits and controls this affection. This picture identifies with the establishments of the catastrophe, where love is prohibited as a result of the quarrel. There is an emotional change in mind-set as Romeo is recounted the horrible news, and the camera mirrors this with a high-edge shot of Romeo crumbled on the ground. This edge from above underlines his defenselessness and sadness. He is pushed to the most reduced and as his body is outlined against the setting sun, Romeo faces an existence of misery without Juliet. The long edge shot a short time later show Romeo and Balthasar as small figures in an immense span of desert and lead to destiny in the catastrophe. It appears to be as though Romeo is overwhelmed by outside powers, a little manikin on a huge stage where he has no influence over occasions. The focal thought of destiny is additionally strengthened by Romeo stepping over the critical message. The crowd sees plainly how close the film was to a glad consummation and destiny is embodied by the last emotional incongruity, where the postal worker watches Romeo dashing off in scramble, minutes past the point of no return. The horrendous planning of occasions demonstrate scurry to likewise be an integral factor in the chain of occasions, with the principal shot of Balthasar overwhelming the mail-van in his scramble to arrive at Romeo and consummation with Romeo hurrying off, abandoning the important message. Baz Luhrmanns has effectively passed on the thoughts in the Shakespearean content using viable film methods. His decision of a desert situation, utilization of camera points and music fortifies the job of destiny and scramble in the disaster and helps us that the juxtaposition to remember love and brutality is rarely far away.

History of Basketball Essay Example

History of Basketball Essay Example History of Basketball Essay History of Basketball Essay History of Basketball Essay Sample Basketball started in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, by a Canadian PE instructor named James Naismith. Naismith was instructing at the YMCA preparing school (presently Springfield College) at that point, and under the management of PE master Luther Halsey Gulick, thought of an energetic and exhausting indoor movement, b-ball. At first, groups had 9 players, and the goal of the game was to toss the cowhide ball into organic product bushels that swung from an overhang. From the start, the Janitor needed to get the ball from the container each time somebody scored, yet they in the long run chose to expel the ottoms from the bins. It wasnt until 1906 that the metal bands with nets and backboards, that we know today, were presented. At first, James Naismith distributed 13 guidelines for the new round of ball, and the main open game was played in Springfield in 1892. From that point, it started to increase national, and even global, consideration and ubiquity. During World War l, the US Army spread b-ball to different nations, and the YMCA likewise assumed a critical job in the game getting pervasive. The main expert class, the National Basketball League, was established in 1898, however this group was surrendered in 1904. From that point forward, school b-ball went to the front line and drove the best approach to carrying b-ball into the domain of standard national games. At that point in 1949, the National Basketball Association (NBA) was shaped, consolidating the National Basketball League (NBL) and the Basketball Association of America (BAA). Another class, the American Basketball Association, started in 1967 as an option in contrast to the NBA. Despite the fact that it accomplished some incredible triumphs, it battled as far as winning and acknowledgment. It was inevitably joined into the NBA in 1976, and its 4 best groups turned into a piece of the NBA. Probably the most amous groups in the NBA incorporate the Boston Celtics, the Chicago Bulls, the Los Angeles Lakers, and the New York Knicks. The NBA despite everything exists, and that, yet it is the most significant expert b-ball group, regarding prominence, notoriety, income, ability, and rivalry level, pulling in the best players from around the globe. The absolute most renowned players throughout the entire existence of b-ball incorporate Michael Jordan, Kobe Bryant , Magic Johnson, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and Shaquille ONeal. In 1996, the Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) was framed, as the womens proportionate to the NBA. As far as global affiliations and rivalries, the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) characterizes the guidelines of universal ball and controls the movement of players across nations. 00 or more national organizations, sorted out into 5 zones: Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, are individuals. The FIBA Basketball World Cup is held like clockwork, just like the FIBA World Championship for Women, around the same time, however in an alternate area. drafted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1959. From its modest beginnings in a school exercise center, ball has formed into a well known and lofty global game.

Sport CPW

Sport CPW CPW has come and gone, and it’s left all the students of MIT with sunny weather for this week. I should preface this by saying: I love CPW. I organized CPW in my dorm last year. It is one of my favorite times of the school year, because I love having silly events and meeting excited prefrosh. I also love my dorm, Senior Haus, and I’ve written about it before. Mix the two together and you just get a really excitable and energetic version of myself for one weekend. I didn’t get many pictures for two reasons: one, a lot of our events are discussions or activities relating to what can be sensitive or private material, and students come here seeking a safe space, so, we definitely don’t snap pictures of those. And second, I’m really forgetful and can never remember to take photos. Regardless, I’ve compiled what I have, and for what I don’t, I wrote the best descriptions I could. So, in a particular, but not chronological, order, here are some of the events we had at Senior Haus: Occupy Senior Haus We had a ton of cardboard and one motive: build the biggest, best shanty we could. Unfortunately, our token prefrosh who helped us build this thing left before we snagged a picture, but thank you for helping us create this Shanty Haus beauty! cardboard construction requires cardboard safety hats BBQ With Tireswinging A historic tradition in Senior Haus, we had this all weekend long. When we weren’t building cardboard forts or making absurd food combos, we were grilling and tire swinging. Few prefrosh were brave enough to try facing The Tree, but all of them made it out alive. We stepped our barbecuing game up by adding some Latin flair, but we ran out of hamburger buns pretty early and had to improvise using hot dog ones. Trust me, it can work. shot by danielle h. 19 Alternative Sex Seminar An annual classic! Exactly what it sounds like. We got together in our lobby to have a frank discussion about safe sex practices and different ways people explore their sexualities. We also had a trained PLEASURE educator there to show everyone some useful tips. Sausage Tacos What do you get when you put Bratwurst into a flour tortilla? A sausage taco! The perfect way to start any CPW morning. Surprisingly, it tastes a lot better than it sounds, and I think the prefrosh who got a taste will agree with me on this one. Pony Rides Big disclaimer: there were no ponies present. As it turns out, adults and teenagers are too large to ride on tiny little ponies, so we had to settle for adult horses. Nonetheless, prefrosh (and residents!) got to ride around our courtyard on two horses, one of which was a part-time unicorn for hire. shot by danielle h. 19 Living Here and Being Queer Another discussion based event. We sat in a nice cozy circle and talked about our own personal experiences being queer at MIT and in Senior Haus. We discussed resources on campus, like the Rainbow Lounge and specific Mental Health services. We also got a little more light hearted and talked about dating and East Campus parties. Special shout out to the prefrosh that came out to this one (or those who wanted to but couldn’t!); you guys are great, and I really hope you find your home here at MIT. Skeptical Festival This one’s kind of a special one. It was supposed to be an amalgamation of really silly events, like a hot dog eating contest, a three legged race, and a ton of cotton candy, which we bought a machine for. However, no one actually knew that because our description was just “This probably won’t be good,” and we only got one prefrosh who ate a hot dog before leaving. But, in typical Senior Haus fashion, we made the best of a kinda sad situation. We grabbed our bucket full of hotdogs and a handful of buns and embarked on a journey across campus to spread hot dog joy to MIT, because CPW can be fun for upperclassmen, too. After about an hour and a trip through the Infinite and through Dorm Row, we managed to get every single hot dog eaten. Thanks to everyone who ate our cold hot dogs, even after we ran out of buns! Poetry Reading My personal favorite event, but I missed it this year. If it’s anything like last year’s, though, then there was bound to be a lot of intense poetry and over dramatized readings of them. Famous poets like Ginsberg and EE Cummings were featured. Waffle Haus Waffle House is an American restaurant chain with more than 2,100 locations in 25 states in the United States. Waffle Haus is a breakfast event sponsored by Senior Haus with many, many waffles, and other breakfast foods. This turned out to be a popular event for those who had been embarking on fruity adventures the night before and hadn’t slept yet. Live Portraiture Another great event that I missed; residents and volunteers got together and modeled for the sake of art. Many bodies were drawn, some more abstract than others. thanks for letting us keep your art guys Head of House Brunch In a rare opportunity, the world outside of Senior Haus got to see how lovely our Heads of Haus are, and just how fancy their brunches can be. We had smoked fishes, homemade quiche, roasted potatoes, banana bread, and all sorts of fancy cheese and crackers. I got to meet some cool prefrosh parents (preparents?) who chatted it up with our Haus Team. one of our head of houses fluffly (backwards) kitties Haus Concert Nothing screams “Senior Haus culture” like concerts in our courtyard. This time around, we had a fantastic lineup of  Luke Martinez (formerly known as Aztec in the music world) from down the river at Harvard, Breaking Forms from the Media Lab, and Mornings, who’s one of our talented residents and former bloggers. shot by peter d. Really Freaking Good Coffee To end off the weekend of no sleep, prefrosh came to try some of our finest coffee. I’m no coffee connoisseur, but I know these were some expensive beans, roasted to perfection, and brewed precisely to a science. The name didn’t lie. Lastly, I wanted to close with a special thank you to all the prefrosh who came out to hang with us; Senior Haus is a far walk from all the happenings of Dorm Row, and we seriously appreciate it. Plus, you guys were some of the coolest kids ever, and I hope you all come to MIT, and maybe even live in Senior Haus, too. Post Tagged #LGBTQ+ #photography #[emailprotected] #Senior Haus #Senior House

The Industrial Revolution Essay - 994 Words

The industrial revolution began in the 17th century and made significant change in the world. An era was over and the new one was beginning. The revolution has advantages and disadvantages. Rising of living standards, improving of health, lifetime and trade system are its advantages. On the other hand, manufacturing has caused major problems such as deforestation, excessive use of fossil fuel sources, irresponsible industrialisation and agricultural development. These changes have increased world’s atmospheric concentration of water vapour, CO2, CH4 and other gases (Stocker, 2013). These gases capture part of energy receiving from sun and trap this heat inside atmosphere that causes rising temperatures on the earth’s surface. Naturally, for continuation of life these gases are necessary, but result of the human events these gases has produced more than plants and environment need (Robins, 2016). Also, we call them Green Houses Gases because they have the similar effec t like the ‘greenhouses’ utilised to increase condition of vegetables. The report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), consisting of more than 150 scientists, states that (Stocker, 2013) â€Å"Warming in the climate system is unequivocal and since 1950 many changes have been observed throughout the climate systems that are unprecedented over decades to millennia.† In the last quarter of twentieth century, the climate change problem has been the global issue. From theShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Of The Industrial Revolution1666 Words   |  7 PagesMartinez English IV, 1st hour 4/29/16 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution set people away from farms and small villages and moved them to cities and towns because of the job opportunities that arose in the cities. The Industrial Revolution not only helped people move along in the late 1700s and early 1800s but also it has made the people what they are today. During the Industrial Revolution, the movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one reshaped the roles of families, widenRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Industrial Revolution917 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of the industrial revolution, I usually correlate this transitional period to great advancements in machinery, and an increase in jobs. However, after looking past the surface of the industrial revolution, in regards to the promise of great wealth, this promise was not kept, along with other issues. I believe that a â€Å"better life† would mean that people would not have to go through the same struggles they once did before the revolution, struggles such as not having a job, money, homeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, a Revolution that began in Britain in the nineteenth century, saw people move from working in the farming industry to working in factories. This transition from an agrarian society meant that many people moved to cities in search of jobs. New methods of manufacturing allowed goods to be produced far more cheaply and quickly than before. However, the Revolution came with its own negative consequences. The lives of children during the Industrial Revolution were torturousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans of communication, factories to manufacture the products you need, places to work, and ways to travel and transport goods. And what made these possible? The answer is the Industrial Revolution, which started in Europe around the year 1730. A revolution is a major change or turning point in something. The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history and in the way people lived. Their careers, living situations, location, values, and daily routines all changed, and they needed it desperatelyRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1097 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the advent of the Industrial Revolution, most people resided in small, rural communities where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Most manufacturing was done in homes or small, rural shops, using hand tools or simple machines. Did You Know? The word luddite refers to a person who is opposedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1090 Words   |  5 PagesShort Term Misery†¦ Long Term Gain There are two major industrializations that have occurred through out history, both which began in England. The Industrial Revolution was from 1750 until 1800. The first and second industrialization were filled with many inventions, new societal ideas, new raw materials, new sources of power, also new ideas and societal implements were made enabling the world and society to evolve. Overall these industrialization was filled with death, neglect, and disease but endedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution936 Words   |  4 Pageseconomist Robert Emerson Lucas wrote in regards to the Industrial revolution: For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth. The novelty of the discovery that a human society has this potential for generating sustained improvement in the material aspects of the lives of all its members, not just the ruling elite, cannot be overstressed.† (Lucas 2002). The revolution itself was ce ntred in Britain before spreading to theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution705 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and factories that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be â€Å"a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed†(Jones 2013). SecondlyRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesend of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrialization began to take place in America, and eventually took over the economy during this period. Entrepreneurs and inventors put together various machines and businesses to help better the country function on aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was one of the largest social and cultural movements that changed the methods of manufacturing of metal and textiles, the transportation system, economic policies and social structure as well. Before the Industrial Revolution, people used to live by season due to agriculture. They thrived on whatever food was in season. Now, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, we live regimented and almost everything that is made, is mass produced. I will discuss three major topics

American Revolution Gave Birth to Democracy in America Essay

â€Å"The British are coming, the British are coming!† Did you know that these famous words were never yelled by Paul Revere? However, the British were indeed coming. America’s forefathers came to this land to escape oppression from British rule. It wasn’t until they were being overtaxed by the British that they rose up to fight for independence and freedom. This historic event was known as The American Revolution. The American Revolution gave birth to democracy in America through great historical events, unknown facts, and famous penned agreements. Resistance to the British and their control over the colonies began with a small group of men called The Sons of Liberty. Over time, they grew into a large organization having members in all†¦show more content†¦This was the turning point in the American Revolution. Because of the American victory, the French then joined forces with America, giving support on land and at sea (Battle of Saratoga, 2009). U ltimately, this relationship enabled America to win the war. In addition to France, there were many other lesser known participants in the American Revolution. Many women traveled with the armies to supply support as nurses, cooks, etc. Some women even participated in the battles in support of their wounded husbands. One of these women was Margaret Cochran Corbin. She took over on the battlefield, was recognized for her bravery and buried at West Point with full military honors. Native Americans fought as well as African Americans who even had their own integrated units. Even more interesting, pirates were licensed to fight the British at sea to help the cause (Bet you didnt, 2014). Lesser known participants were just as necessary in battle as the well-known participants. However, without famous figures such as Paul Revere, the people would not have been in a position to help defend the country. Paul Revere was one of the most famous figures in the American Revolution. He was a silversmith and courier during the war and was also one of the leaders of the Boston Tea Party. Revere is most well-known for his ride to Lexington to warn minute men John Hancock, and Samuel Adams along with countrymen of the BritishShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution Set up Equality and Power for America621 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Hitchens claims that â€Å"†¦ the American Revolution is the only revolution that still resonates†and this claim is valid because the American Revolution led to democratic ideals and governments being spread across the world, it set the precedent of equality in our country, and it set it up to be the world power it is today. America’s Revolution gave birth to real applications of Enlightenment ideals, and in doing so spurred movements of independence and democracy around the world during the sameRead MoreImpact Of Enlightenment On The French Revolution878 Words   |  4 Pages The Enlightenment was one was the most important intellectual movements in History, as it dominated and influenced the way people thought in Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries. We will look at how it ultimately influenced the American and French Revolution which is still strongly governed by these ideas and principles today. The Age of Enlightenment was a European movement emphasizing reasoning and individualism rather than tradition. Different factors had a part to play in starting andRead MoreEssay How the American Revolution Changed the World607 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Revolution was the first conflict in history fought in the name of universal philosophy of law, constitutional rights, and self-government. Ketchum states, â€Å"It was the event that gave birth to our nation, bequeathed a common purpose to the most varied of peoples, and ignited a beacon of hope that inspires the oppressed to this day.† I believe the Revolutionary war was the most significant event in our nation’s history, stabilizing the United States for democracy. The outcome was theRead MoreHow Revolutionary Was the American Revolution?1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution would lead one of the greatest countries in the world. A superpower, at the forefront of innovation. It would become an ex ample, a beacon, for freedom, and liberty everywhere. But how much of this was really due to the American Revolution? The American Revolution was truly revolutionary in many ways, including the new ideas of Political Equality of the Classes, Inalienable Rights, and Consent of the Governed. The American Revolution caused the movement of Political EqualityRead MoreDevelopments in American History Over Four Centuries Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay will discuss five significant developments in American History from discovery until 1877. They are as follows: The American Revolution (1775-1783), the signing of the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Ratification of the Constitution (1787), the Louisiana Purchase (1803), and the Civil War (1861-1865). Though American history has experienced many developments over the years, it is the firm belief of the author that these five developments were instrumental in propelling thirteenRead MoreThe Cold War : American Liberalism Vs. Soviet Communism1627 Words   |  7 Pageswas at its root a battle of ideas: American liberalism vs. Soviet Communism. The two ideologies clashed at their very nature, which led to deep mistrust and fear of the unknown about the unpredictability of the other. The two world powers simply could not exist without conflict. As a result, The United States of America took measures to prevent the worst: war. The steps the U.S.A took to quench the possibility of war separated the world even more, as they gave aid to some countries and not othersRead MoreEssay on Indian Givers969 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Americas transformed the world By J. McIver Weatherford This paper tries to explain Jack Weatherfords Indian Givers by examining the history of the Native American connection to many agricultural products would not have been produced without the knowledge that Indians gave. Weatherford further stipulates that it is through these advances in agriculture that the United States has remained a strong contender in the global market, that without the influences of the Native Americans on theRead More Labor, Socialism, and Politics to World War I Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthan skilled workers in the workplace. In the decade before World War I most of the workers were still not unionized. Democracy and Political Parties The late nineteenth century was a great time of improvement for democratic electoral systems. The British passed their second voting reform act in 1867 and then passed a third in 1884. Also in 1871 Bismarck gave universal male suffrage for the German Empire. This had an effect on many other countries as well. Switzerland followed thisRead MoreThe American Revolution Was Not A Revolution Since Little New Country1428 Words   |  6 PagesMany historians argue that the American Revolution was not a revolution since little change happened within its social aspect, and therefore, not radical enough to be considered a revolution; others say that the American Revolution was a unique transformation in which the country’s economy and political changes contributed greatly to the birth of a new country. To completely agree or deny either of these points would be ignoring the plausible and different perspectives, along with the supportingRead Morefamous people1742 Words   |  7 Pa gesand presided over America’s second founding. 2 George Washington He made the United States possible—not only by defeating a king, but by declining to become one himself. 3 Thomas Jefferson The author of the five most important words in American history: â€Å"All men are created equal.† 4 Franklin Delano Roosevelt He said, â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,† and then he proved it. 5 Alexander Hamilton Soldier, banker, and political scientist, he set in motion an agrarian

Human Development Gross and Fine Motor Skills - 1272 Words

Development begins in the womb. The fetus develops organs and grows many times its size during this time. Once the child is born it is even more important that the environment helps with normal infant physical and mental growth. At birth, infant senses function through eyes, ears, nose, and tongue. Through these senses they explore their world and sensations occur. Perception occurs when the brain processes these sensations. Infant movements are involuntary (reflexes). Reflexes help the infant survive until they gain control of their body and can make movement for themselves. Infants experience the majority of their growth during the first year. During this time gross and fine motor skills develop. Understanding what these terms mean†¦show more content†¦They can unzip their clothes and they attempt to button them. They will begin to use scissors to cut paper. Caregivers and parents should be sure to give children blunt, round-edged kid scissors for safety reasons! They will begin to eat better with a fork and spoon. They can write with fat crayons or large pencils by grasping them with their fists. They begin to twist door knobs or take lids off containers. Parents and caregivers should make certain that harmful substances such as cleaners and medications are stored out of reach in a locked area to prevent accidental poisonings. Four and five year olds are building upon and developing the skills they have learned. They can button their clothes and they can draw shapes such as circles, squares, and larger letters. Five to seven year-olds begin to show the skills necessary for starting school. They can print letters, and numbers because they can use pencils and crayons with better control. They can now brush their teeth, comb their hair, and feed themselves without supervision. Gross motor skills are the most important skills to develop. At the ages two and three years, young children stop using the awkward wide stance of new walkers. As they grow they begin to develop a smoother gait. They are able to run, jump, and hop. Children of this age begin to play catch with larger balls. They can also push themselves around with their feet whileShow MoreRelatedTheories And Theories Of Human Development1337 Words   |  6 PagesAshley Grant EDPY 503 10/11/17 Principles of Human Development Paper #1 The concepts and theories of human development are important for a school counselor to have knowledge on. Knowledge on these topics can aid the counselor in better understanding the circumstances of their students. There are three main developmental sections which will be discussed in this paper. Those three include physical development, cognitive development, and social development. Each section contains multiple theories andRead MoreMotor Skills Development Of Children1638 Words   |  7 PagesNathan Schilt Dr. Janice Templeton PSYC 254-2H 15 October 2015 Motor Skill Development As children progress through the early stages of their lives they will continually reach milestones that are somewhat of a tracker as to where they stand in their development, but at the same time it’s important to remember that even though there are suggested milestones as to a maturing task for a specific age and month, each child may mature differently than the next. One part of this progress that childrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Outdoor Play On Children1120 Words   |  5 Pageshappening. The sad part is, no one has looked at the numbers of how much time a child spends outside has decreased over the last decade. We have increasing numbers of technology being produced on the market and fail to look at how technology has harmed humans in a biological sense. There has been evidence of blue-violet light, produced from smart phones, is related to macular degeneration, where a macula sits in front of the ocular nerve prohibit loss of central vision (Newsbeat, 2014). Why should ourRead MorePhysical Development in Middle Childhood Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagessocio-emotional domains of human development are influenced by diverse factors. Phases of development extend from the beginnings of human life and continue throughout the lifespan. These developmental phases are characterised by a range of features including brain development, language development and social development amongst others. Gross motor skills include activities such as running, skipping and jumping. They involve the use of the body’s larger muscle groups. Gross motor skills greatly improve inRead MoreMotor Control and Fine Motor Skills824 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical, Intellectual, Language Communication, Emotional and Social Development. These are the areas of which a child develops at as they grow into young adults. Physical Development The two main areas of physical development are gross fine motor skills. Gross motor skills use the larger muscles in the body like arms legs. Rolling over, crawling, walking, running and jumping are all gross motor skills. Fine motor skills use the smaller muscles in the body, like fingers toes. WritingRead MorePhysical Development Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesexecute numerous fine motor skills that allow them to perform many activates to learn and succeed at school. When most people think of their child’s growth and development they can remember the ages at which their child first rolled, crawled, or walked. How many can recall the age at which they picked up small items between their thumb and index finger, or transferred objects from one hand to another? This is the beginning of motor development. Fine motor skills are the collected skills and activitiesRead MoreCharacteristics of children in middle childhood Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesHuman development refers to the processes of change and stability throughout human life. The early stages of development in children are important in their life span. Children in middle childhood are those who are in the age between 6 to 11 years old. Most children in middle childhood start their formal education in primary school. In this stage, they have more opportunities to expose themselves to people and environment they had never known. In general, children in middle childhood are characterizedRead MoreThe Art Show Of Chandler Pritchett At The Memphis Botanic Garden912 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it builds the cognitive skills and the cognitive development. I now know that play builds the fine motor and gross motor skills, which is a very important asset of learning and development of the young child. Play builds friendships, whic h we all as educators should feel that this is an important asset of coming up in the school systems. It is something that shapes the lives of our young children today. Educators have to remember that this refers back to human domains. Play should be takenRead Moreearly childhood education984 Words   |  4 PagesEarly childhood is a stage in human development. It generally includes toddlerhood and some time afterwards. Play age is an unspecific designation approximately within the scope of early childhood. Some age-related development periods and examples of defined intervals are: newborn (ages 0–4 weeks); infant (ages 4 weeks – 1 year); toddler (ages 1–3 years); preschooler (ages 4–6 years); school-aged child (ages 6–13 years); adolescent (ages 13–19) psychology the term early childhood is usually definedRead MoreChild Development Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdo with how the next 80 turn out†. Child development Child development is the changes that occur in human life through biological, psychological and emotional between the birth and the end of adolescence. It is a continuous progress but it does not progress at the same rate because each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. And this developmental change occurs by strong influenced by genetic factors. â€Å"The study of human development explores how and why people change as they

Professional Skills Development

Questions: 1. In this module of your work we have been discussing your profession and your career. What do you understand as the difference between your profession and your career? 2. There are a number of life experiences that can contribute to your career development and increase your competence to work as a professional.Outlinetwoof your own life or work experiences that you feel have enabled you to develop skills which you will be able to transfer to your professional career. Answers: My Career and Profession in the IT sector With the dramatic changes in the IT industry as well as corporate IT departments because of the impacts of social media along with consumer technological advancement, I have successfully pursued my career as a IT professional especially in the sector of cloud computing. My profession is project manager in the Information Technology department which includes the career path of excelling in Microsoft office, .NET and SQL. The career objectives of mine include- reward deserving approaches and having a good relationship with each of my subordinate, participating in team work, enabling growth opportunities for the employees, flexibility of choices. My profession in this industry is about career development of mine in the next five years and in the mean time absolute growth of the company as per the specific goals linked with each of the projects that have been assigned to me (Ibarra, 2013). On the other hand, Career as a IT project manager is like the backbone that holds diverse life and job experiences so that I can learn and thereby fuel my professional life with diverse IT opportunities with future applications. So, my career is about the occupation of IT project manager of mine which I have been doing for a major period of my life and I want greater level of opportunities so that progress will come to the surface (Sharf, 2014). Whereas, for my profession in the IT sector, I have chosen the roles and responsibilities, like- planning as well as defining the scope of a project, activity planning, resource planning, sequencing, developing schedules, time estimating, cost estimating, budget development and documentation for which I get paid and I have gone through systematic training and development process as well as formal qualifications. My life and work experiences on the way to develop my skills and competencies I have been through many of the vital life experiences while undertaking my roles and responsibilities as a IT project manager and these experiences have literally helped me to increase my competency as well as these experiences have major contribution towards my career development. Recently, I have found that my presentation skills are less effective in contrast with what I have expected earlier and it was possible because of the methodical feedback process of the organisation, known as- 360 degree feedback analysis (Ibarra, 2013). Along with this, I also feel stressed whenever I face time based pressure and with continuing experience in this sector for over 25 years, gradually I have acquired immense experiences when I attended presentation skill courses, participated in different presentations in the beginning of a project, got feedback as well as performed my presentations to the council. For this, I came to know that proper training, organisational practices, feedback system and guidelines are needed so that I can work on my management, leadership, problem-solving, teamwork, time management, communication, information and technical skills. I have developed these skills and transferred those towards my professional career as IT project manager when I found that my SMART objectives based actions and tasks in the work environment were not up to the mark while performance appraisal was going on in the workplace (Sharf, 2014). Thats why the professional development planning of mine included gathering more experience towards the administrative position of mine which helped me to reach at both my personal as well as professional goals. With these two life work experiences which occurred many years before, since then I have been working on my managerial skills, teamwork skills, time management skills as well as presentation and IT skills so that I will be in the board of directors pretty soon. References Ibarra, H., 2013.Working identity: Unconventional strategies for reinventing your career. Harvard Business Press. Sharf, R.S., 2014.Applying career development theory to counseling. Brooks/Cole.

History of the Internet

3 Clumsy Compositions

3 Clumsy Compositions 3 Clumsy Compositions 3 Clumsy Compositions By Mark Nichol In each of the sentences below, awkward syntax results in a distractingly clunky flow that obstructs comprehension. Discussion and revision of each example tells and shows how to make the statements flow more smoothly. 1. They wanted to evolve the organization beyond its roots as a traditional hospital network with success measured by occupancy, or â€Å"heads in beds.† When an informal word or phrase used as a synonym for a more formal term appears, the coinage often follows the standard term as an appositive (a term equivalent to an adjacent term), which is illogical- why introduce the slang term after using the official one, when, whether it appears again or not, it seems immediately redundant? The only sensible reason to use both synonyms is to first introduce an informal term that will subsequently reappear in the piece of content, then gloss (briefly define) it with the formal term; thereafter, when readers encounter the term again, they will have already been informed of its meaning: â€Å"They wanted to evolve the organization beyond its roots as a traditional hospital network with success measured by ‘heads in beds,’ or occupancy.† 2. The issue has been under the spotlight in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Monetary Authority spokesperson John Chang commented on its response last week. In this sentence, â€Å"Hong Kong† is awkwardly repeated in immediate succession, separated only by a period, which makes it difficult to read. The phrase describing John Chang’s affiliation is easily relocated to follow his name, a solution recommended in general when such a description is extensive: â€Å"The issue has been under the spotlight in Hong Kong. John Chang, a spokesperson for the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, commented on its response last week.† 3. The customer risk rating calculation methodology should be adjusted to take into account any heightened risk of financial crime. The adjectival cluster that precedes methodology is awkward because all the words in that string are nouns serving as adjectives, and the reader can easily become frustrated about having to haltingly read the phrase while trying to parse where the phrasal adjective ends. The technically correct solution is to hyphenate the string, but the result is unwieldy. Better yet, relax the sentence to reduce the number of elements in the phrasal adjective: â€Å"The methodology for calculating customer-risk rating should be adjusted to take into account any heightened risk of financial crime.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Disappointed + PrepositionUsing "May" in a Question

Peer review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Peer review - Essay Example In Psalm 106:3, God says, â€Å"Blessed are they who maintain justice, who constantly do what is right†. As a result, organizations have to ensure that they protect every employee from any violation of their human rights. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of training in fighting the vice. Educating employees about the problem is an effective approach in minimizing its occurrence (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). However, the paper has failed to focus on the importance of punishing individuals who perpetrate such actions at the workplace. Any person who harasses a colleague or a junior employee should face serious consequences. Besides losing their job, there should be further punitive measures taken. The practice would discourage employees from engaging in the practice. As a result, it will protect the image of the organization. In the event that the perpetrator of the practice is a supervisor, the organization may be viewed negatively (Abbott, Elkins, Phillips & Madera, 2014). The victim may feel that it provides an enabling environment for such activities. The organization can encourage such activities by tolerating people who disregard such policies (Buchanan, Settles, Hall, & O’Conner, 2014, p. 689). Abbott, J. L., Elkins, T. J., Phillips, J. S., & Madera, J. M. (2014). Attributing corporate responsibility for sexual harassment: The supervisory connection. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(4), 376-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938965513511145 Buchanan, N. T., Settles, I. H., Hall, A. T., & O’Conner, R. C. (2014). A review of organizational strategies for reducing sexual harassment: Insights from the U.S. military. Journal of Social Issues, 70(4), 687-702.

Amazon Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Amazon Case Study - Essay Example It was not without the physical labor by the visionary man himself Jeff Bezos who contributed in its physical transportation and other essential activities that were necessary in the beginning. By the year 1997, it saw massive expansion in form of collaborations with few giant players in the industry namely Silicon Valley. The idea behind the name (Amazon): Since Amazon is the world’s largest river and Jeff Bezos had believe in his ideas, he wanted to develop a platform that is worldwide famous and massive in size. Much to his hard work and planning, Amazon has turned out to be the world’s largest online book store. In a period of nearly one year, it made it across the internet as one of the largest and the only online retailer since there were no major threats and competitors at that time. Vision and objectives: The beginning vision was more focused on making it the largest online book stop, but later the circle expansion was considered and it worked on providing produ cts other than just books as well . The vision was focused on â€Å"customer centric† policy which would focus on meeting the requirements of the customer. Distinct Groups segregation: While the earlier focus was on online sales only, with time the focus was expanded to customers who were clustered into three groups namely â€Å"consumer customers† who are directly associated with the products and services offered by the parent company itself, developer customers who used the technology and resources of Amazon for running their business, and finally the seller customer who used Amazon as a platform to sell their products which were not necessarily the Amazon Proprietary. 1997 letter to the shareholders: Some of the salient points of the letter are: Customers are the focal point Policies would be made keeping in view the long term planning and perspective. Both success and failure would be critically evaluated. The decisions so made would be daring in many ways and this way the new paradigms would be explored through a combination of success and failure from the dare game. 3 pillar strategy: The 3 Pillar strategy has been adopted to accomplish the vision chalked out by the man who started it all Jeff Bezos. These pillars are as follows: Selection: The policy was based on providing the customers with a long list of options in various categories in each of the discipline products that are in the manufacturing capacity of the company. Convenience: Customers are the backbone to any organization and enterprise. Amazon takes this factor in to equal consideration and does all to ensure the customer satisfaction and ease of actions. This is done in form of providing them with many options prior to purchase and order and post order which includes the feedback mechanism. Price: Amazon ensures attracting the customers towards itself in many ways, the price advantage and core competency of reduced prices is part of Amazon strategy. This can be seen in case of the latest e book reader launch Amazon Kindle Fire, which has startled the entire world by its low price. The prices are reduced with no compromise on the quality. The quality

Importance of Social Responsibility Disclosure

Importance of Social Responsibility Disclosure 1.0 Introduction Though some of the country around the world is rich in resources, but there are still have a possibility that ran out of the resources. Beside that, there are also a large number of countries around the earth that lack of resources. Because of this, as a people living in this earth, we should protect the resources from exhaust. We should not be so selfish and should cherish the resources, so that other people could also enjoy use of the resource. As a big community, we should not think ourselves interest only, we should also think for others. Think that everyone can has a chance to use the resources and also how to value the resources so that others have a chance to use it. We can start doing social responsibility to ensure that the limited resources are not run to waste. As an opening of this introduction, we begin by defining social responsibility. Social responsibility can be defined as a theory from the perspective or ideological whereby a specific entity, being the person, organization, government, corporation, non-profit organization and etc., has a responsibility to make good decision and take sustainable action that will develop benefit of the society and enhance the welfare and interests of the public. In another meaning, we also can define social responsibility as whatever a specific entity done, the intention is to improve the welfare or the interest of the society. Although it is not mandatory for the entity to accomplish social responsibility, but the entity should also has some conscience. In addition to protect their own benefit, the entity should also concern the society’s welfare and interests. In the beginning of the introduction, we have defining the social responsibility. Now we will look on what is corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility is the social responsibility that implements by an organization. Corporate social responsibility is about how a company using their own knowledge intelligently to earn profit for the company beside that still can protect the interest of society. They are not only being concerned with their own benefit, but they also concern with the interest and welfare of the society. Corporate social responsibility also gives a picture of how a company supervises their business processes to generate an overall positive impact to public. The initiation of corporate social responsibility involves several issues that related to company’s concern behavior in its social atmosphere except the company’s economic sphere which the company traditionally associates with. To implement corporate social responsibility, the organization must take in mind of the society welfare in beside to fulfill its own benefit in doing the business. The organization should not be self-interested in consider that the interest of the organization is their main objective. They should not think that increase stock price and short-run profit is the most important thing to the company. Service the society also an important objective and it is as important as the profit of the company. The company also should concern with the society ethically other than earning profit and increase stock price. The company’s stakeholders are not only the shareholders and investors, but also include the employees, customers, government, communities, suppliers, and special-interest group. So the company should also concern other stakeholder’s interest and what they are desired for. Commonly, the company using their own policy as a built-in, self-legalize instrument which incorporate into their business model to monitor the business processes and activities, so that their business obedience to the law and regulation, ethical standard, and international norms. It also ensures that the company not only pays attention to their profit and stock price but also the interest and welfare of the society. Implement social responsibility not only bring benefit to the society, but also give benefit to the company. Because implement social responsibility can add value for the positive image of the company. Public listed companies in Malaysia nowadays are required by Bursa Malaysia to disclose their social responsibility in their annual report. They can built their own corporate social responsibility report or refer to Bursa Malaysia’s corporate social responsibility framework. The report is not mandatory to follow, it is just a reference. When operate in businesses, there are several main areas that firms should concern and responsible for. It is because the businesses will give some impact on these main areas. According to Vinsign website, there are six main areas of social responsibility, which is community and environment, the employees, governments, consumers, providers of finance and other organizations or groups. For example, the firm should concern about environmental issue, such as rainforests disappearing and they can take action by reducing using paper or do not waste any paper when doing businesses or help the government to plant more trees. For employees’ issues, they should treat every employee fairly and should concern about their safety during work, welfare, training and development. Corporate social responsibility disclosure discloses information on what the firms have done for the sake of the community. It also shows the disclosure of firms’ action on what they have been contribute to the welfare of the society and what they will do in the future for the welfare and interest of the society. Usually the disclosure is disclosed in a social responsibility report and publishes in company’s website or annual report of public listed companies. For public listed company in Malaysia, Bursa Malaysia has ruled them to disclose their social responsibility disclosure in their annual report. It is mandatory for them to disclose in annual report recently and most of them comply with the rule to create a good image to the society and government. Corporate social responsibility disclosure is very important to company’s stakeholder. The stakeholders of the company always take note to the disclosure because the disclosure shows what the company plan to do and have done for the welfare of the society. A recently report shows that most of the investors are invest in firms that have involve greatly in social responsibility. With actively involve in the activities of social responsibility, the company can increase their positive image emerge to the society. It can bring advantage to the companies with having increasing number of investors invest in the company and attract more supplier cooperates with them. Some companies disclose their social responsibility voluntarily. According to â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Malaysia† written by several author, companies are disclosing their social information for various reasons. The reasons can be classified into three broad categories, which is pressure from the government and market, enhancing corporate image, and top management awareness. Companies also disclosing their social information because of they think that they should informing the public what they have done for the public and will done for the sake of the public. Before companies release the social responsibility disclosure in their report, they have to think about the question of how much information should they publish in the report, how much information are enough to the viewer of the report and which information are useful to the viewer of the report. It is very important for the companies to think about the questions because the interest groups are based on the information to make certain important decision making. Different groups of stakeholder look for different type of social responsibility information. For example, employees and future employees of a company are more concerned with human resource issues in the social responsibility report. The public and government are more concerned on philanthropic issues in the report. The quantities of the information are not regarded as important, qualities of the information disclosed by companies are more think greatly of to the stakeholders. In spite of quantities of the information disclosed, useless information disclose to stakeholder will not help them in certain decision making. According to â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Malaysia† written by several author, companies in Malaysia are more concern in human resources issues. Useless or unclear social responsibility information will lead to some problems, such as damage companies’ image, penalties from government and dissatisfied of stakeholders. When this situation happens, the company may lose their intellectual capital and most of the investor decides not to invest in the company since the company cannot fulfill their expectation for the information from the report. Large firm in this research mainly refer to public companies listed in Bursa Malaysia. Bursa Malaysia has built a corporate social responsibility framework for the public company as reference which has mentioned earlier in this research. According to Bursa Malaysia website, it mainly focuses on four main areas, which is environment, community, marketplace, and workplace. Bursa Malaysia encourages public listed companies to involve in corporate social responsibility and disclose it in annual report. Why public listed company been encourages to involve in corporate social responsibility? According to Bursa Malaysia, they believe that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is key to sustainability. Bursa Malaysia say that â€Å"sustainability is a process and it is a business approach used to create long term value by seizing the opportunities and managing risks that emerge from the economic, environmental and social developments†. For example, by protecting the environment, it can help in conserve the natural scarce resources from being destroy or no need to confront with the situation of some resources become extinct. This can help the company to use the natural resources everlasting and the next generation also can enjoy it. Social responsibility involvement are very important to the public listed company and also others small and medium company in Malaysia. It is because social responsibility involvement can help increase competitive advantage of the company compare to others company in same sector. Involve in social responsibility activities can also improve the relationship between the company and the society. Other than become distinctive compare to other company and enhance the relationship with the society, social responsibility activities also can increase public image of the company, increase the stock price of the company, and can help to solve problems that the community faces. Involving in social responsibility activities bring a lot of advantages to company but still many companies are not willing to involve in social responsibility activities and disclose it. It is mainly because most of the companies think that social responsibility is not so important to them, profit of the company are their priority. Unfamiliar with what information to disclose are also one of the reason they rarely involve in social responsibility activities. Most of the companies are not sure which information is important to stakeholders although the company involves in social responsibility activities. 1.1 Problem Statement The problem in corporate social responsibility is that not every public listed company in Malaysia is sincere in voluntary involves in social responsibility. As a large company which listed on Bursa Malaysia, the company is required by Bursa Malaysia to disclose corporate social responsibility in their annual report in recently year. Some of the small company even didn’t implement social responsibility because of the company thinks it is not their obligation to implement it and for small firm, social responsibility disclosure are not mandatory. They are not aware of the advantages that the social responsibility brings to them and importance of the social responsibility information to the society. Some of the company didn’t disclose social responsibility because of they not sure what to disclose and how much information should disclose. Even though some companies have made the respective disclosure, the information they disclose may be irrelevant and as the result it is not useful to the stakeholders. 1.2 Objective The objective of this research is to find out the important of the social responsibility and social responsibility disclosure to different sector among public listed companies. This can understand through the involvement of the public listed company in the social responsibility and their key disclosure areas. The study aims to study how different of industries disclose their social responsibility activities and further to evaluate their awareness to the social responsibility. It also aims to study how willing are the public listed company disclose their social responsibility activities to the society without conceal anything from the society. The higher the willingness that company discloses their social responsibility information, the more the information that company will disclose. Not merely disclose what the company plan to do in the future, but also what the company have done that achieve from previous year social responsibility activities planning. Another objective is to find out the relationship between size of firm and the extent of corporate social responsibility practices. This study is to see whether it is the truth that the larger the firm is, the greater the involvement of the firm in the social responsibility. Whether it is only large firm will involve in social responsibility and disclose it out to the stakeholders or not. 1.3 Contribution The contribution of this research is to increase the number of companies and the willingness of companies to participate in social responsibility practices. From this research, the company will find out the importance of involvement in social responsibility activities and advantages that social responsibility activities bring to them. So that, the public listed company is more wiling to involve in social responsibility activities and disclose the information to its stakeholder. Beside that, the public also can see how corporate social responsibility will improve their living and enhance their welfare and interest. The community will more appreciate what the company has done for them and then will have more and more investor wiling to invest in the company. 1.4 Conclusion In conclusion, corporate social responsibility is about how you should as a corporation. Although, corporate social responsibility in nowadays is still not much concern by the public listed company, but in the future they will identify the importance of social responsibility. From this awareness, the company is more willing to involve in social responsibility activities and disclose the information to the society. From the advantage that the community receives from the social responsibility, they will become more concern with the issue of the social responsibility. Thus, the community acts as a watchdog to concentrate on what the public listed company plan to do and what they have done for the welfare of the society. The company views the community as an important stakeholder, so the company is more willing to improve the community’s living. Community can survive without business but business cannot exist without community. Chapter 2 Background of Study Securities Commission Malaysia (SC) was established on 1 March 1993 under the Securities Commission Act 1993, the Securities Commission is a self-funding statutory body with investigative and enforcement powers. It reports to the Minister of Finance and its accounts are tabled in Parliament annually. The SCs many regulatory functions include: Supervising exchanges, clearing houses and central depositories; Registering authority for prospectuses of corporations other than unlisted recreational clubs; Approving authority for corporate bond issues; Regulating all matters relating to securities and futures contracts; Regulating the take-over and mergers of companies Regulating all matters relating to unit trust schemes; Licensing and supervising all licensed persons; Encouraging self-regulation; and Ensuring proper conduct of market institutions and licensed persons. Underpinning all these functions is the SCs ultimate responsibility of protecting the investor. Apart from discharging its regulatory functions, the SC is also obliged by statute to encourage and promote the development of the securities and futures markets in Malaysia. Bursa Malaysia is an exchange holding company approved under Section 15 of the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007, which is regulate by Securities Commission Malaysia. It operates a fully-integrated exchange, offering the complete range of exchange-related services including trading, clearing, settlement and depository services. Bursa Malaysia today is one of the largest bourses in Asia with just under 1,000 listed companies offering a wide range of investment choices to the world. Companies are either listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad Main Market or ACE Market. In assisting the development of the Malaysian capital market and enhancing global competitiveness, Bursa Malaysia is committed to maintaining an efficient, secure and active trading market for local and global investors. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a central management concern at Bursa Malaysia. For Bursa Malaysia, CSR means integrating open and transparent business practices into our business operations which are based on ethical values and respect for employees, communities and the environment. The way they do business is designed to deliver sustainable value to the society at large and to all stakeholders, including their shareholders. On 5 September 2006, Bursa Malaysia launched a CSR Framework as a guide for Public Listed Companiess in implementing and reporting on CSR. The Bursa Malaysia CSR Framework looks at four main focal areas for CSR practise – the Environment, the Workplace, the Community and the Marketplace, in no order of priority. With effect from 31 December 2007, all public listed companies are required to disclose their CSR activities or practices (and of their subsidiaries) and if there are none, a statement to that effect. Listing Requirements (Appendix 9c, Part A (29)). Listing Requirements (Appendix 9c, Part A (29)) is about description of the corporate social responsibility activities or practices undertaken by the listed issuer and its subsidiaries or if there are none, a statement to that effect. Failure to comply with any of these Requirements will amount to a breach in respect of which actions may be taken or penalties may be imposed or both. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Framework for Malaysian Public Listed Companies The Bursa Malaysia CSR Framework is in fact a framework, and not a template. This framework does not tell the whole story of CSR and neither does it have all answers. It is a bit like running shoes: One size does not fit all. The CSR Framework is basically a set of guidelines for Malaysian Public Listed Companies (PLCs) to help them in the practice of CSR. As the Prime Minister mentioned in the 2006 budget speech, from now on, all PLCs are required to disclose their CSR activities. Some PLCs may be doing corporate social responsibility even without realising it. The directive from the Prime Minister is really an opportunity for logical thinking about CSR. It is meant to encourage Malaysian PLCs to become more engaged in being socially responsible, and to make the way they approach the process of CSR, part of the way they normally work and think. According to Bursa Malaysia, CSR means it is not about how a firm spends money, but about how the firm makes money. CSR is defined as open and transparent business practices that are based on ethical values and respect for the community, employees, the environment, shareholders and other stakeholders. It is designed to deliver sustainable value to society at large. There is no universal approach to CSR. Companies are free to adopt what suits them. CSR is not about compliance or philanthropy or public relations. It often involves cultural transformation in a company as it integrates CSR concepts into its operations and decision making. Vitally, CSR involves communicating the company’s actions to its stakeholders and encouraging their feedback. The Bursa Malaysia CSR Framework looks at 4 main focal areas for CSR practice. They are: the Environment, the Workplace, the Community and the Marketplace, in no order of priority. The Environment When looking at the environment, CSR can focus on a variety of issues. Most of the people worry about energy, how to use it more efficiently and how to reduce the way its emissions damage the climate. Here in Malaysia, bio fuels have become a topical issue. There are other aspects as well. Companies live amongst some of the richest biodiversity in the world. Protecting the flora and fauna is essential. The Community Companies live within the community. They depend on the community in many ways and the community depends on them. Supporting employee involvement in community issues enriches the community and the company. Supporting education, such as adopting a school, is another possible activity. Companies can be creative in looking at how they can contribute to children, youth development and the under-privileged. The opportunities for company interaction with the community are vast. The Marketplace The Marketplace is where companies find important stakeholders – their shareholders, suppliers, and customers. Companies can interact responsibly with this group in a number of ways, such as supporting green products or engaging in only ethical procurement practices. Helping to develop suppliers and other vendors is another way of contributing. Raising the standards of Corporate Governance within the company so that it meets shareholder expectations is a further consideration. The Workplace Companies draw their employees from society and so everything they do with their staff needs to be socially responsible, whether they are dealing with basic human rights or gender issues. A quality work environment and health safety are obvious considerations, as is the way in which, if companies believe in CSR, they inculcate in their employees, the values which the company holds dear. Ideally, companies should consider all 4 CSR dimensions when crafting their own visions. But that does not mean a company must do everything. For some companies there will be focal areas or initiatives that do not apply. The important thing is that the company uses the framework to help it identify its choices and priorities. Individual CSR initiatives will depend on the nature of each company’s business, its inclinations, and its resources. However, sometimes a company will adopt initiatives that may even have indirect impacts. Like most PLCs, Bursa Malaysia is exploring the framework to see what suits companies best as an exchange. 3.0 Introduction There are some different points of view of the corporate social responsibility definition from several parties. Corporate social responsibility is defined as the duty of the organisation to respect individuals’ rights and promote human welfare in its operations (Manakkalathil and Rudolf, 1995; Oppewal et al., 2006). According to Carrol (2000a), businesses not only have the economic responsibility of being profitable and the legal responsibility to follow the laws or ground rules that guide their ability to achieve their economic requirements, but they also have ethical responsibilities that include a range of societal norms or standards. From this two definition, it can see that individuals’ rights and human welfare is more important than profit earning and organization is try to balance them, so that the interest of public did not deprive. Malaysian Government’s point of view by our Prime Minister, Dato’ Sri Najib Tun Abdul Razak in a corporate social responsibility conference held in June 2003 at PWTC, Kuala Lumpur referred to corporate social responsibility as â€Å"a concept whereby corporation integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and their interactions with stakeholders on a voluntary basis†. It is a process of providing information which does not have purely financial implications designed to discharge social accountability. Companies should recognize their corporate social responsibilities not only to their shareholders but also to the society they operate in. This sustainability concept calls for a company to operate in a responsible manner that takes full account of their business impact on the environment, people and the community. Corporate social responsibility can also be defined as the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large (World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 1999). In general, CSR embraces all organizational activities relating to the organization and society. These may include employees support (safety, job security, profit sharing, employee participation, treating employees fairly and equitably etc.), community support (activity involved in education, health and housing related supportive activities, philanthropic activities), product/services support (product/service quality, product safety, delivery, research and development etc.), and environmental support such as; sustaining the eco-friendly environment, producing environmentally friendly products, waste management, recycling etc. (Staples, 2004; and Sen a nd Bhattacharya, 2001). In the last decade Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an issue that has increasingly attracted attention from the business, political, and public spheres (Brammer, and Palevin, 2004). In emerging capital markets, such as Malaysia, this issue also tends to be a strategic issue for public listed companies. Malaysian firms incorporate CSR into their corporate governance agenda to become good corporate citizens in the Malaysian capital market. They also seek to increase the pool of enhancement in the recognition and profile of corporate domestic firms who can gain better recognition from the perspective of international and local investors. Furthermore, the push towards better CSR practices is also important to be consistent with the overall national agenda, particularly in achieving Vision 2020, meeting the objective of the National Integrity Plan and as a tool for generating greater economic and capital market growth (Corporate Governance, 2004). Tay Kay Luan (2005a), cited the Malaysian government’s stand on CSR issues is that all organisations in the country should take account of the economic, social and environmental impacts of their activities, and should be encouraged to act and address the key challenges which arise from these impacts on their core competencies. Moreover, the government is taking stand that the existing legal framework and regulations are sufficient to improve corporate behaviour. Gray et al. (1987) define social reporting as â€Å"†¦ †¦the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of organisations’ economic actions to particular interest groups within society and to society at large. As such, it involves extending the accountability of organizations (particularly companies), beyond the traditional role of providing a financial account to the owners of capital, in particular, shareholders. Such an extension is predicted upon the assumption that companies do have wider responsibilities than simply to make money for their shareholders†. Chan (2002), Godfrey et al. (2000), and Gray et al. (1996) describe corporate social disclosure as voluntary reporting of social and environmental information relating to an organisation’s interaction with its community, shareholders, physical and social environment to outsiders through corporate annual reports. Although the disclosure is based on corporate’s voluntary, but it as been motivated to disclose in recent year. According to Godfrey et al. (2006), corporate social responsibility is motivated by legal regulation, management accountability and shareholder activism. Voluntary corporate social disclosure gives information to the public regarding a company’s activities that relates to the community. Companies that operate in a developed world have moved to include sections on social issues within their annual reports. These sections give information on their responsibility towards reducing hazardous impacts on the environment, improving waste management, showing compliance with Environmental Quality Regulation 1989, better efforts to protecting their employees and other social issues affecting the public. The disclosures were towards an increasing trend. However the level of disclosures itself are still low. (Teoh Thong,1984; Foo Tan,1988;Ho,1990 and Shireenjit Zuaini 1 998). The Malaysian government’s incentive to further promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) among public listed companies (PLC) is very encouraging in Malaysia. The honorable Dato’ Seri Najib Tun Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia, in his keynote speech at the Corporate Social Responsibility Conference on 21 June 2004 had made it clear that CSR helps improve financial performance, enhance brand image and increases the ability to attract and retain the best workplace, contributing to the market value of the company. The growth of public awareness about CSR has put pressure on corporations, profession and governments to increase the amount of social information in corporate reports. More recently, in the 2007 budget speech, the Malaysian Former Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi has stressed the importance of corporate social responsibility reporting by requiring companies to disclose their CSR activities in the annual report. Corporate social reporting is one approach how companies published or disclosed their corporate social responsibility activities. One way to reduce the gaps between company and its stakeholders is by reporting the activities to the stakeholders or through additional disclosure. Teoh and Thong (1984) pointed out that the philosophy of the top management and legislation were the primary factors contributing to corporate social awareness in Malaysia. More recently, Malaysian executives and managers were found to have positive attitudes towards corporate social responsibility, although the extent of their involvement in corporate social responsibility is lower today than it was a decade ago (Abdul Rashid Ibrahim, 2002). Mohammad Jamil, Alwi, and Mohamed (2001) similarly found that CSR disclosure in Malaysia is generally low, especially with regards to fair business information. This also appears true for environmental information (ACCA, 2002). The level of CSR was again confirmed to be low in recent studies conducted by SRI (2003) and Ramasamy and Hung (2004). Since in Malaysia, corporate social responsibility is voluntary, the choice of social issues reveals the Government’s priority or the particular responsibility which companies have. Therefore by having corporate social responsibility, the company would have better reputation and this would increase its chances to secure contracts from the Government as it is seen as being socially responsible. Companies would be able to attract and retain good employees which would in turn benefit them financially in the long run. Corporate social responsibility may be able to strengthen stakeholder relations as reporting promotes corporate transparency and instills greater confidence and trust

Biography of Catherine the Great Essay examples -- Empress Russian His

Biography of Catherine the Great One of the most interesting, hard-working and powerful people to grace the pages of history during the eighteenth century was Catherine II, Empress of Russia. Historians have not always been so kind to her memory, and all too often one reads accounts of her private life, ignoring her many achievements. The stories of her love affairs have been overly misinterpreted and can be traced to a handful of French writers in the years immediately after Catherine's death, when Republican France was fighting for its life against a coalition that included Russia. Catherine was born Sophia Augusta Frederika of Anhalt-Zerbst on April 21, 1729 in Stettin, then Germany, now Poland. Her father, Prince Christian Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst, was a high-ranking officer in the Prussian Army and a minor prince among the principalities in Germany. He married the much younger Princess Johanna of Holstein-Gottorp. Years before, Johanna's brother Karl August of Holstein-Gottorp had gone to Russia to marry the Princess Elizabeth Petrovna. However the Prince died of small pox, leaving Elizabeth heart-broken. Elizabeth's sister, Anna gave birth to a son named Peter Ulrich, however tragedy once again struck as Anna's died of tuberculosis three months after giving birth to Peter. Peter, who eventually became Tsar Peter III, was the only surviving male descendent and the potentially heir to the throne of Russia after his father died. In November 1741, Elizabeth seized the throne with the help of the Imperial Guards, and formally declared her nephew Peter heir to the throne. Peter was now 14 years old, and it was time for him to find a bride. Elizabeth had always remembered the family of her dead fiancà ©e with fondness, and chose Sophie as the bride to be. The Empress Elizabeth seemed to have taken an instant liking to Sophie at an early age. Sophie began to learn the Russian language and studied the Orthodox religion, which of course pleased the Empress. On June 28, Sophie was received into the Church in a great ceremony, and as a result changed her name to Catherine. Catherine was now the second highest-ranking lady in the country. Shortly after, Peter obtained measles, which started to show all the symptoms of small pox. Catherine found him to be a most pitiful creature, and it was with dismay that she looked towards her wedding day. The royal... ...h the many relationships she formed with men. Perhaps we misunderstand her many attachments. She loved to teach, and she had much knowledge to give. We can see from her many letters to Baron von Grimm, that she took pride in the education of her young protà ©gà ©s. Perhaps what many historians interpret as promiscuous behavior, was nothing more than her filling the lonely hours by sharing her vast knowledge with the young men she deemed worthy of her attention. She had long and lasting relationships with Orlov and Potemkin, and it seems that she was capable of being faithful and devoted. Russia owes her much. After a long reign of thirty-four years, Catherine died of a stroke on November 17, 1796. History knows her as Catherine the Great, a title she was offered during her lifetime and rejected. "I leave it to posterity to judge impartially what I have done" she said at the time; and Catherine has done well. Domestically, She dealt with peasant revolts, pretenders, and noble opposition. Abroad, she increased Russia's territory, prestige and international importance. Regardless of her much emphasized personal life and sexual relations, she deserves the title because she earned it.

Nursing: Years Ago and Today

The history of nursing, a segment of the white collar service sector, reflects the general trends in the transformation of work that gave rise to the new, dependent, salaried, white collar workforce, in conflict over the construct of professionalism. Although previously independent practitioners, by the end of World War II, a decisive majority of nurses were forced to find employment in the newly emerging bureaucratic hospitals as their opportunities for autonomous nurse-patient relationships diminished (Melosh 32). In the nation's hospitals, nurses were subject to processes of bureaucratic control very much like those described by Edwards for both production and nonproduction workers (Edwards 17). Invisible mechanisms of control, including the human capital notion of professionalism and the use of written rules to govern nurses' tasks and supervision, were invoked to discipline this white collar workforce. Historically, nurses' responses to these constraints have been filled with conflict. In the 18th century, nursing was merely another of women’s domestic chores. By the early 19th century, however, nursing had emerged as an occupation performed by respectable working-class women, primarily widows and spinsters. It was a specialty within domestic service, consisting primarily of cleaning a patient's body, linen, and dressings. This kind of labor was considered by most 19th-century men and women as an extension of woman's â€Å"natural† biological capacity for domesticity, docility, nurturance, and willingness to sacrifice (Berg 21). A fine line separated the 19th-century nurse from the domestic servant, as both were expected to perform household chores. By 1868, however, they were more clearly differentiated by salary; the nurse earned $1.00 to $2.00 a day whereas the servant earned only $2.22 per week (Reverby 9). Because of the close association with dirty domestic work, few middle-class women entered nursing. Until the Civil War, nursing remained an occupation performed by poor, older, single women with no formal education or training. These women were often drawn from rural areas into the cities in search of paid work, where their options were generally sewing, lodging borders, domestic service, or nursing. By 1870, there were over 10,000 women officially employed as nurses in the United States. Until the 20th century, hospital nursing was less prevalent than household nursing since most births, deaths, and illnesses occurred in the home. The majority of Americans did not see the inside of a hospital until the turn of the century. Hospitals were barely hospitals as we now know them. They were charitable institutions built by philanthropists at the end of the 18th century for the poor, the socially marginal, or the unemployed. Indeed, many hospitals evolved out of public almshouses. Patients in both public and voluntary hospitals were incarcerated for dependence as much as for disease in the 1870s (Vogel 105), and their hospital stay was often for weeks or months, not days. Impermeable walls and guarded gates surrounded the institutions, enabling hospitals to assert some control over the working class, immigrant, or destitute patient. Although benevolent, hospitals treated their patients disdainfully, with authoritarianism and paternalism. Their purpose was to provide the patient with moral uplift while instilling social control. Hospital administrators believed their patients were from â€Å"the very lowest; from abodes of drunkenness and vice in almost every form, where the most depressing and corrupting influences were acting on both body and mind† (Vogel 24). Children were decontaminated upon arrival and taught â€Å"discipline, purity and kindness.† The trustees hoped this regimen would reform the children, who would then bring â€Å"newly refined manners, quickened intellect and softened hearts† back to their homes. Some hospitals attempted to reform adults as well because they believed society benefited not just by saving these workers but also by â€Å"rekindling in them their faith in social order† (Vogel 26). Nurses in these hospitals were generally ambulatory patients themselves, caring for fellow â€Å"inmates.† If not actual patients, hospital nurses originated from the same poor and working-class sectors of society as the patients. They often held several jobs simultaneously and were frequently reprimanded for â€Å"sewing-out† (manufacturing garments on the ward) while on duty (Reverby 24). The status of the 19th-century hospital nurse was very low, comparable to the status of all female patients at this time. The female patient of 1870 was characterized in a letter to the Boston Evening Transcript as â€Å"a woman who has fallen into the sins of the wayside†¦ too weak to resist the temptations which have beset their unguarded footsteps† (Vogel 26). Similarly, the hospital nurse was characterized by Florence Nightingale, the 19th-century British reformer, as â€Å"too old, too weak, too drunk, too dirty, too stolid or too bad to do anything else† (Reverby 26). Hence, stringent rules governing general behaviors regarding sex, language, and use of alcohol and tobacco were enforced for both patients and nurses in the hospital. Although nurses lived in close proximity to the patients, they were forbidden to socialize with them. In order to prevent them from socializing or drinking with the patients, nurses were kept busy from 5:00 a.m. until 9:30 p.m. They were continually scrubbing patients, garments, and wards, since sanitation was the only method of disease prevention in the 19th-century hospital. When they had completed these tasks, they were given innumerable others to keep them in line. In addition to such domestic tasks, nurses were often responsible for providing more serious health care in the doctor's frequent absence as well. They often managed labor and delivery cases independently. This forced nurses to exercise independent medical judgments, despite doctors' prevailing expectation that nurses would be completely subservient to them. With the taste of autonomy, nurses began to expect greater latitude in their work. They began to see themselves as adult wage workers, not children to be controlled by the hospital â€Å"family,† as the hospital trustees portrayed the workplace. The face of nursing changed during the Civil War. Middle- and upper-class women, motivated by patriotism, familial duty, or simply a search for meaningful work, began to work in hospitals, nursing wounded men, and raising funds for the war (Mottus 65). The unsanitary and disorganized conditions in army hospitals led to the emergence of relief associations. In 1861 the Women's Central Association of Relief was formed with the explicit purpose of â€Å"furnishing comforts and medical stores, and especially nurses in aid of the medical staff of the army†¦ and to take measures for securing a system of well trained nurses against any possible demand of war† (Mottus 24). Drawing on Nightingale's British model of army nursing, the Registration Committee on Nurses sought prospective applicants with specific qualifications: they were to wear dresses without hoops, provide references confirming their high moral character, and be no older than 45 years of age. Nurses trained according to Nightingale's nursing model, learning the laws of both morality and hygiene. The post-Civil War years, characterized by remarkable economic growth, the rise of industrial corporations, the decline of small entrepreneurs, and the emergence of urban America, engendered the expansion of relief organizations and the development of new charity organizations. Both were controlled in large part by middle- and upper-class female reformers. These women, many of whom had participated in organized nursing during the Civil War, focused on reforming the moral character of the poor, soiled by the ravages of urban society (Lubove 4-5). The expansion of the charity organization movement represented another response by a troubled middle class to the social dislocation of the post-Civil War industrial city: â€Å"Charity organization was a crusade to save the city from itself and from the evils of pauperism and class antagonism. It was an instrument of social control for the conservative middle class† (Lubove 5). In the post-Civil War hospital, middle-class women joined forces with hospital trustees and developed training schools for nurses. The reformers' purpose was to â€Å"save† the country girl from the city, foster a profession of nursing, and reform the hospital. They attempted to carry out this goal by developing a cadre of trained, professional, middle-class nurses. The hospital trustees, however, sought nurses as a cheap labor force for the hospital. During the depression years of the 1890s, the hospital moved away from being a charity organization (Rosner 119). Philanthropists, affected by financial crises themselves, were no longer able to be the sole supporters of the institutions. Hospital trustees turned to the middle-class patient as a new source of income for hospitals. This change motivated trustees to alter the hospital's architecture as well as its workforce. Its image became more hotel-like, with private rooms, private doctors, and private nurses. The reformers convinced the trustees that young, educated nurses of middle-class origins would be more appropriate caretakers for wealthier patients than untrained, working-class nurses. Hence, while the middle-class reformers were attempting to create a profession for respectable middle-class women, embodying Victorian America's idealized vision of upper-class womanhood (empathy, gentility, and dedication to service), the trustees were still seeking an inexpensive yet disciplined workforce. The middle-class student nurse was their answer. One of the first training schools for nurses emerged in 1889 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital as a joint effort between the women reformers and the hospital trustees. They sought applications from Episcopalian and Presbyterian daughters of the clergy and the professions (James 214). The reformers hoped such a school would become the new social incubator for daughters of the new middle class. They sought only educated and refined students; women who had previously worked in the mills or domestic service were discouraged from applying. The reformers argued that only women with proper, virtuous backgrounds could enhance the moral atmosphere of the hospital. Student nurse training meant working 13-hour days at domestic duties under strict military discipline. Understaffing and medical emergency continually forced students into positions for which they were unprepared. These poor work conditions of overwork, lack of adequate training, bad food, and arbitrary discipline took their toll on the students, resulting in the 1910s in strikes against nursing supervisors (Reverby 37). During the 1930s and into the 1940s the private duty market collapsed altogether (Melosh 197). The new array of hospital techniques for both patients and nurses fostered a new role for some nurses, however: that of hospital foreman, supervising a new hierarchy of subsidiary nurses. The nursing professionalizers urged hospital administrators to hire educated graduate nurses of middle-class origins for these positions. Administrators were not hard to persuade on this point since they were able to hire nurses with more education and experience for the same wage as the student nurse, given depression-era unemployment. At first, grateful for work, graduate nurses accepted this condition. In time, however, graduate nurses responded to this situation with unrest, high rates of absenteeism, and turnover. Conflicts between adherents of the more elitist, human capital interpretation of professionalism and proponents of the need to work continue to resonate from staff and head nurses today. Many staff nurses claim that besides taking care of patients, they’re working to put shoes on their children’s feet and nursing administrators just don't see that they work to support their life outside the hospital too. Such a comment was just as appropriate in the 1880s as it was in 1985. The same debates still rage on. Besides, there are two current health care issues facing the profession of nursing today: a misdistribution of nurses across the United States and burnout, both noted as causes for a nursing shortage.   There is a misdistribution of nurses across the United States and there are at least two apparent reasons for this: geographic immobility and a lack of incentives for rural and inner-city hospitals. Nursing is a very demanding and stressful profession. Burnout is described by Annette T. Vallano in Your Career in Nursing, as a form of mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, and interpersonal exhaustion that is not easily restored by sleep or rest.   Nurses experience burnout when they are overwhelmed and unable to cope with the day-to-day stress of their work over long periods of time.   Burnout may also be a reason that many nurses have decided to work only part-time, thus burnout may be a contributing factor to the nursing-shortage problem. All in all, nursing has evolved from the days of Florence Nightingale to a highly respected and educated profession.   But there are challenges for the future.   In short, â€Å"the nursing profession needs to begin to recognize new trends and patterns† (Lowenstein1), while also recognizing â€Å"it is crucial that nurses learn to generate new ideas for care, utilizing the new medical and communication technologies that are blossoming daily, but also keeping our high touch together with the high tech† (Lowenstein 1). Works cited Edwards, Richard. Contested Terrain: The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century. New York: Basic Books. 1979. Berg, Barbara. The Remembered Gate: Origins of American Feminism: The Woman and the City, 1800-1860. New York: Oxford University Press. 1978. James, Janet. â€Å"Isabel Hampton and the Professionalization of Nursing in the 1890s†. In Charles Rosenberg and Morris Vogel (eds.), The Therapeutic Revolution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1979. Lowenstein, Arlene. â€Å"Vision for the future of nursing.† ICUS NURS WEB J, 16, Oct/ Dec 2003 http://www.nursing.gr/editorialLowenstein.pdf. Lubove, Roy. The Professional Altruist: The Emergence of Social Work as a Career, 1880-1930. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1965. Melosh Barbara. The Physician's Hand: Work Culture and Conflict in American Nursing. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1982. Mottus, Jane E. New York Nightingales: The Emergence of the Nursing Profession at Bellevue and New York Hospital, 1850-1920. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International. 1980. Reverby, Susan. Ordered to Care: The Dilemma of American Nursing, 1850-1945. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1987. Rosner, David. A Once Charitable Enterprise: Hospitals and Health Care in Brooklyn and New York, 1885-1915. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1986. Vallano, Annette. Your Career in Nursing. Kaplan; 3rd edition. January 3, 2006. Vogel, Morris. The Invention of the Modern Hospital, Boston, 1870-1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1980. ;